Urban Heat Island Effect
Why cities stay warmer and what reduces heat stress at street level.
Urban heat islands form when buildings, roads, and limited vegetation store heat and slow nighttime cooling.
Mitigation tools
- Shade trees and connected green space.
- Cool roofs and reflective paving.
- Heat-health alerts tied to local vulnerability.
Source: Wikimedia Commons temperature anomaly chart · Mis à jour 2026-06-15